Fountain of the Tritons in Malta - Part I

History

The fountain of the Tritons is considered by the Maltese as the symbol of the City of Valletta and of the entire island.

It was modeled in the 50’s by the Maltese sculptor Vincent Apap, and the hydraulic system was designed by his aide Victor Anastasi.

The lost wax casting of the Tritons and the upper basin was entrusted to the Laganà foundry of Naples, which completed the assembling on the Travertino’s base in 1959.

A wooden base was then installed on the basin to turn it into a stage on which to host shows, including, in 1978, a motorbike race that caused the breaking and semi-collapse of the basin and of the Tritons.

The fountain remained broken and inoperative until 1986, the year in which attempts were made to remedy the severe damage by applying a central pillar under the basin, modeled by the sculptor Vincent Apap himself and cast with lost wax method. An attempt was made also to straighten the basin again and to re-weld the broken arms of the Tritons in the wrong positions.

To try to bring the basin back to the level, cement pads were applied between the hands of the Tritons and the basin.

The intervention was carried out by the Malta DryDocks mechanical-naval workshops, but the functioning of the fountain remained compromised.

The restoration

As part of the urban redevelopment of the entire “Triton Square”, the Government of Malta has requested a study on the possibility of a complete restoration of the fountain located in the center of the square.

For the restoration of bronze sculptures, the Fonderia Artistica Ferdinando Marinelli of Florence was called, and in August and September 2016 various meetings were held with technicians and representatives of the Maltese Government,

and some technical investigations to detect the damage that the fountain suffered in 1978, with subsequent approximate repairs. The alloy with which they were cast is not bronze, as expected, but brass, a cheaper and more perishable metal than bronze.

Dismantling of the sculptures and sending to the Ferdinando Marinelli Foundry

The possibility of dismantling and transporting the fountain sculptures to the Fonderia Ferdinando Marinelli in Italy was confirmed, for the restoration and repair of damage suffered in the past. The foundry technicians in collaboration with the Maltese Company Swaey Bros Ltd proceeded with the dismantling and to the subsequent expedition of the bronzes to the Foundry. The lower part of each triton was filled in with a cast of cement that blocked the sculptures on the concrete base. Each triton had to be cut into two parts and the lower part freed from the reinforced-concrete floor.
We dismantled first the basin

and then the central supporting trunk.

We proceeded with the cutting in half of each triton

And the subsequent job of detachment from the base of cement base that had to continue without interruption even at night to limit the closure to the traffic of the square.

The arrival of the bronzes at Ferdinando Marinelli Foundry

The dismantled bronzes were transported by sea and by land to the Marinelli Foundry in Barberino val d’Elsa, where they were unloaded.

Chemical investigations of the oxidation and sulphation products of the brass alloy have begun to understand what type of intervention was necessary to block these processes.


The Gipsoteca of the Ferdinando Marinelli Foundry and of the Bazzanti Gallery

Our treasure, in addition to the artistic work capacity of our artisans, is that of the Ferdinando Marinelli Gipsoteca, preserved in sheds to this reserved.

La nascita della Gipsoteca Ferdinando Marinelli

Ferdinando Marinelli Senior, that started the Artistic Foundry in 1905, performed the negative molds on the original classical masterpieces Greeks, Etruscans, Romans and of Renaissance.
In the first decades of the ‘900 Ferdinando Marinelli Senior had the permission from the various authorities to perform the moulds of such sculptures directly on the originals present in the museums, in some churches and in the Italian squares.
In those years it was still possible, for accredited people for the ability to perform moulds without damaging masterpieces, to obtain authorization.

La gipsoteca continua a crescere

The collection of original moulds continued to be enriched with the current owner Ferdinando Marinelli Junior: often Museums and authorities require the Foundry to make moulds on masterpieces to be kept indoors and to replace them with replicas made by the Foundry, granting the use of such moulds. The ability to work, the care and the attention to the masterpieces on which to perform the moulds is fully recognized to the Ferdinando Marinelli Artistic Foundry by all the authorities and directions of Italian and foreign museums.

When the Italian Government in 1930 decided to donate a bronze replica of Michelangelo’s David to the city of Montevideo, Uruguay, it authorized Ferdinando Marinelli Senior to mould the original preserved in the Academy of Fine Arts in Florence.

Bronzo per Mussolini

The Louvre Museum went as far as Florence to have the bronze replica of the Bust of Louis XVI (Versailles, Paris), made by Gian Lorenzo Bernini in 1665 during his stay in Paris. The sketch was taken to the Ferdinando Marinelli Foundry in Florence to make the mold on it for a bronze replica destined to Benito Mussolini’s private collection.

It is thanks to these original moulds that the Fonderia Ferdinando Marinelli can carry out its renowned bronze replicas, and sculpt marble replicas in their studio.


Another marble colossus: the replica of the Farnese Hercules

Another exciting adventure has been to sculpt in marble the colossal Farnese Hercules of the Naples Museum, a Greek statue of the III century AD., 3,17 meters high.

It is one of the few ancient sculptures signed by the author: Glicone di Atene, as can be seen engraved on the base of the club.

Even in ancient Greece, and not only in Rome, replicas were also loved, even in different sizes from the original ones: in fact, this marble is the enlarged replica of the original bronze made in the 4th century BC. by the famous Lisippo, lost.
Hercules, symbol of superhuman strength, and in fact was a demigod, is represented with a powerful exaggerated anatomy. His attributes are the skin of the Nemean lion, sent by Hera (Juno) to kill Hercules. His skin was unassailable by spears and arrows, but Hercules stunned him with his club (on which he rests in the sculpture) and then strangled him. He used his skin to make himself a kind of garment that made him invulnerable that, in the sculpture, dangled on the club. These accessories were used by the sculptor to create a huge side support to which the Hero leans: it would have been impossible to support his body mass, moreover inclined, only on the two ankles.

The Renaissance restorations

The colossus was dug in the Baths of Caracalla in Rome in the mid-1500s, without the left forearm and legs. The philosophy of restoration during the Renaissance was generally that of recreating the missing parts of the ancient works, so as to reassemble their presumed integrity. It was very difficult for those who had a more “scientific” mentality to persuade the owners of the archaeological works to leave them as they were found, without integration. Consider for example the twins Romulus and Remus added in the Renaissance to the Capitoline Lupa probably by Antonio del Pollaiolo.
Perhaps only Michelangelo succeeded with the marble Belvedere Torso of the I century a. C. (by the Greek sculptor Apollonio), found mutilated in Rome in the 15th century.

It seems that when Pope Julius II turned to Michelangelo to rediscover the missing parts, the latter refused, declaring that the sculpture was so magnificent and it should not be absolutely touched. On the other hand, his pupil Guglielmo della Porta did not had many problems in re-sculpt the missing legs of Farnese Hercules, satisfying the commissioner Pope Paolo III Alessandro Farnese so much that, even when the original legs were dug, he decided to leave those of Della Porta, judging them better than the original ones.

The marble replica

The marble sculpture was performed in the Studio Bazzanti with the technics called “in points” thanks to the model taken from the original by the Fonderia Artistica Ferdinando Marinelli.

The difficult transportation

The five tons colossus was crated at the Sculpture Studio.

The next phase was almost as complex as having carved the Hercules! In fact, it was a matter of letting the colossus into the Galleria Bazzanti of Florence horizontally and then standing it in the right place. Having had the Lungarno closed to traffic, the operation took place at night.