Sergio Benvenuti, an artistic friendship and a long American history - The Fountain of Two Oceans in San Diego

When I was a child, I used to play in the Foundry, I often found Sergio Benvenuti, smeared of clay, busy creating some monumental sculpture. I remember him prone to sudden fits of anger when clay failed to obey his commands. Then, a moment later he would be smiling at some joke on the sculptors of the past. Sergio continued to work there also when I was no longer present, being at the university.
When I was forced back to the Foundry at the age of twenty six, after the death of my father, Sergio was the first one to come and see me, give encouragement and offer all his support. Since then we have become friends and we have collaborated together till his death.
When somebody commissioned an important work of art from the Foundry, I immediately asked for Sergio’s support. And Sergio did exactly the same when he received a commission of a bronze sculpture, as happened with the Two Oceans Fountain for San Diego, commissioned by Pat Bowlen.
Pat Bowlen, Chairman of the Bowlen Holding Inc. decided to integrate in the new skyscraper he was building in San Diego with a work of art that would symbolize it and become at the same a “characteristic” landmark of the city. Pat Bowlen spoke about the project to his closer collaborator, Architect Dudy Berretti.

They both immediately thought about Italy and Florence, cradle of art and of that unique historical and artistic period that has been the Renaissance. As a youth Bowlen studied in Florence, Dudy Berretti had been living and working in the US for over thirty years, but he was Florentine by birth.
A short time later Dudi Berretti came to Florence and contacted the Bazzanti Gallery. He visited also the Ferdinando Marinelli’s Artistic Foundry, that he had already heard about in the US, and at the Foundry he met Benvenuti. I told him about our friendship and about his exceptional ability as creator of models, as well as a sculptor with golden hands.
I organized some dinners, and during one of them, after Dudi had spoken by telephone with Pat Bowlen, the new idea for the San Diego skyscraper monument was born: a fountain with two frontal characters, male and female, virtually leaning on their generator element, a surface of water: the Fountain of the Two Oceans. After a few days, in the Bazzanti Gallery, the first sketches of Benvenuti that Dudi brought with him to the States were ready. Pat Bowlen and all the staff were enthusiastic. Benvenuti passed to the clay sketch, then in plaster, also approved by the client.

The last details were studied and Benvenuti began the enlargement of the first of the two characters in the special foundry rooms. Within a few months the Pacific Ocean had ended in clay, in the wanted size.

After the definitive approval of Bowlen Holding Inc., the Foundry began its patient work: the negative mould of the clay sculpture was executed with particular care, from which the waxes were obtained, of which Benvenuti himself followed the retouching performed by the Foundry craftsmen. It then passed to the bronze casting with the ancient technique of lost wax, to the finishing, to the assembly and to the patina.
Without putting time in the middle, Benvenuti started the enlargement of the second sculpture, the Atlantic Ocean. In eight months the work of Benvenuti and the Foundry transformed the idea born during a dinner in an important bronze monument. Packed in two large wooden crates, the sculptures left the Foundry by lorry to the port of Livorno, where they left for San Diego, and then transported to a specially raised tent in the square at the foot of the new skyscraper. Shortly after, Me, Benvenuti, the Ferdinando Marinelli Foundry and the Bazzanti Gallery technicians reached San Diego for the assembly and inauguration of the monument.

To this day the Fountain of the Two Oceans is an important urban landmark in the city, much admired and loved by the citizens of San Diego, so much so that it dedicated some illustrated postcards.


Fountain of the Tritons in Malta - Part II

The restoration

The priority has been given to the elimination of the reinforced concrete poured inside the fountain when it was placed at the end of the 1950s on the travertine base.
The Maltese technicians thought in this way to “strength” the brass sculptures and to find a clever way for blocking them on the base.
Instead the internal cement has helped to “cook” the metal and to create a dense network of cracks.

After the collapse of the fountain in the 70’s due to improper use of the overhanging brass basin, summary repairs were carried out to restore the fountain itself as best they could.
On this occasion the folds, indentations and other damages at the external surface, due to the trauma, were filled with epoxy material. The second restoration work was to eliminate these fillings to see the real state of the sculptures.

The expansion of the cement and its emission of chemical liquids has made the brass alloy very fragile, crushing it at various points. Furthermore, the lost-wax casting technique was badly respected by creating areas very thin.

The work continued with the cleaning of the surfaces through micro sandblasting, also allowing the elimination of the outbreaks of oxidation and sulphation and of the calcareous infiltrations due to the cement and the water of the fountain.

The Neapolitan foundry left on the sculptures the totality of the “spacing nails” necessary for the lost wax casting, some in iron and others in copper. Their chemical reaction (oxidation and sulphation) caused damage to the surface of the sculptures.
It was necessary to eliminate these nails and widen the holes left by their extraction to completely eliminate the chemical reaction outbreaks.

From here began the work of consolidation of the many parts deteriorated, weakened, broken in several pieces, and of the many cracks born in the sculptures, through external and internal weldings of the sculptures, complex and delicate work caused by the bad state of the metal.

A particularly difficult and delicate job was that of restoring the original shape to the basin, shape that it had lost both due to the breaking and folding suffered in the collapse of 1978, and to the bad repairs it had subsequently. A series of steel templates have been built with different degrees of curvature that have been used to recreate the exact original curvature of the basin. This has been cut in many points, brought back into shape and re-welded.
It’ been important to recreate the perfect coplanarity of the entire basin to allow, once reassembled on the fountain, the right and equal fall from the edges of the water.

Visits by the Maltese authorities ended with friendly lunches.

When all the parts have been consolidated and reinforced, the reassembly of the sculptures begun.

An internal stainless steel skeleton was inserted inside the tritons to unload the weight on the base of the fountain, so as not to burden on the sculptures. The skeleton was designed so as to allow the passage of the fountain’s water and electric lighting cables inside it.

and a stainless steel radial frame has been designed and built to consolidate and not burden on the brass basin with the weight of the water.

Only at this point it’s been possible to reconstruct the original position and wiring of the tritons and the basin, and to prepare a series of steel templates necessary to reassemble the entire fountain in Malta.

We proceeded giving patina to the sculptures,

then with the packing,

then with the transport to Malta.

The technicians of the Marinelli Foundry applied the stainless steel brackets for the reassembly of the fountain on its original concrete base, assembly carried out thanks to the 3D virtual models prepared previously.